Why does Gulliver often feel alienated in the societies he visits?

Gulliver often feels alienated in the societies he visits primarily because he finds their customs and beliefs absurd compared to his own. This sense of alienation is a recurring theme throughout "Gulliver's Travels," as he observes the stark differences between the cultures he encounters and the rational, prevailing norms of his own society.

In the various lands—whether it's Lilliput with its petty politics, Brobdingnag’s moral superiority, or the Houyhnhnms' rationality—Gulliver's perspective as an outsider leads him to judge the practices and values of these cultures as nonsensical or illogical. His experiences provoke a deep sense of reflection on his own society’s flaws, amplifying his feelings of isolation as he struggles to reconcile his beliefs with those of the new societies. This critical examination highlights Swift's commentary on human nature and societal norms, emphasizing how cultural relativism can foster a sense of disconnection for someone who perceives their own values as superior.

The other options do point to various reasons one might feel alienated in a foreign setting, such as communication barriers or physical differences. However, the primary reason tied to Gulliver's profound sense of estrangement is rooted in his perception of the absurd