Which of the following best characterizes the tone of Gulliver's Travels?

The tone of "Gulliver's Travels" is best characterized as sarcastic and critical. Jonathan Swift employs satire throughout the novel to comment on various aspects of society, human nature, and politics. Through the absurd and exaggerated experiences of Lemuel Gulliver in fantastical lands, Swift critiques the folly and vices of humanity, including pride, corruption, and the failings of reason. This critical perspective allows readers to engage with the text on a deeper level, prompting them to reflect on the shortcomings of society while highlighting the ridiculousness of certain human behaviors.

In contrast, an optimistic and light-hearted tone does not align with the fundamental themes of the work, as Swift's narrative often exposes harsh truths rather than offering comfort or cheer. A melancholic and reflective tone may seem plausible in parts of the story, particularly in Gulliver's experiences, but it does not capture the overarching critical stance that defines the text. Lastly, a neutral and objective tone contradicts Swift's intention of provoking thought and provoking a reaction from readers; his use of satire and hyperbole serves to engage the audience emotionally and intellectually rather than maintaining detachment. Thus, the choice of sarcastic and critical reflects the true essence of Swift's work and its enduring significance.