Which characteristic do the Houyhnhnms attribute to humans?

The characteristic attributed to humans by the Houyhnhnms is that they possess intelligence without virtue. In Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels," the Houyhnhnms, who are rational and noble horses, observe humans and conclude that while they are capable of high levels of intelligence and reasoning, they lack the moral and ethical qualities to use that intelligence wisely. This criticism highlights a central theme of the novel, where Swift explores the shortcomings of human nature, particularly the tendency to use rational thought for selfish or unvirtuous purposes.

The Houyhnhnms live a life grounded in reason and virtue, contrasting sharply with humans, whom they see as driven by base instincts and vices. This perspective serves as a critique of contemporary society, questioning the value of intelligence when it is not accompanied by moral integrity. Such a conclusion about the nature of humanity prompts readers to reflect on their own values and behaviors in relation to intelligence and virtue.