What lesson does Gulliver learn from the Houyhnbns regarding human nature?

Gulliver learns to be critical of human vices through his experiences with the Houyhnbns, who represent an ideal society characterized by reason, rationality, and moral integrity. In contrast to the Houyhnbns, who live in harmony and lack deceit or the vices associated with human behavior such as greed, jealousy, and conflict, Gulliver becomes increasingly disillusioned with the flaws of humanity.

Through his encounters with these noble horses, Gulliver recognizes the shortcomings of human nature, particularly the destructive tendencies that lead to suffering and chaos. He observes how the Houyhnbns conduct themselves with dignity and honor, emphasizing virtues over the petty desires that often drive human interaction. This stark contrast forces Gulliver to reassess his views on humanity and to adopt a more critical stance towards the vices that plague human society.

The other choices do not align with the core lesson Gulliver learns. The idea that humans are fundamentally good and virtuous overlooks the central theme of disillusionment seen in Gulliver's transformation. Embracing human vices contradicts the principles displayed by the Houyhnbns, and the claim of human superiority undermines the broader critique of human nature highlighted throughout Gulliver's journey.