In what way does Gulliver change by the end of the book?

By the end of "Gulliver's Travels," Gulliver undergoes a significant transformation, evolving into a misanthrope. This change is rooted in his experiences during his various voyages, where he encounters different societies and their flaws. The various civilizations, particularly the Houyhnhnms, lead him to develop a deep disdain for humanity. He observes the vices, corruption, and pettiness of people, which fosters his disillusionment and contempt for human nature.

Gulliver's interactions with the Yahoos, who embody the worst traits of humanity, further solidify his negative perception. He becomes increasingly critical of his own species, feeling alienated and repulsed by the behaviors and morals of humans. By the novel's conclusion, Gulliver is not only critical of society but actively seeks to distance himself from it, preferring the company of horses, whom he views as more noble and rational than humans.

This transformation emphasizes the broader themes of the text, such as the critique of human nature and societal constructs. Through Gulliver's misanthropy, Swift conveys a poignant commentary on the flaws of mankind, making this option the most accurate reflection of Gulliver's character development by the end of the narrative.