How does Gulliver's perspective on humanity shift throughout the narrative?

Gulliver's perspective on humanity undergoes a significant transformation throughout his travels and experiences in "Gulliver's Travels." Initially, he approaches different societies with curiosity and a degree of naivety, but as he encounters various cultures and their customs, he becomes increasingly disillusioned with mankind.

The narrative illustrates his observations of human flaws such as pride, greed, and pettiness. Through his experiences with the Lilliputians, Brobdingnagians, Laputans, and Houyhnhnms, Gulliver reflects on the absurdities and vices present in human behavior. For instance, his time among the Houyhnhnms—a society of rational horses—highlights the stark contrast between their values of reason and virtue and the corrupt nature of humans. This contrast further entrenches his critical perspective, leading him to regard humanity with skepticism and disdain.

Ultimately, Gulliver's journey results in his growing belief that humans are inherently flawed, which reflects a profound critical stance towards human nature. This evolution of thought is critical to understanding the broader themes of societal critique and the exploration of what it means to be human in Swift's work.