How does Gulliver's perspective on humanity change throughout his travels?

Gulliver’s perspective on humanity evolves significantly throughout his journeys, leading to a growing cynicism and critical stance towards human nature and society. Initially, he may be portrayed as somewhat naive or hopeful about people, but as he encounters various cultures and societies—ranging from the miniature Lilliputians to the giant Brobdingnagians, and later to the rational Houyhnhnms and the grotesque Yahoos—he becomes increasingly disillusioned with the flaws he observes in humanity.

Each society reveals different aspects of human behavior that contribute to his growing skepticism. In Lilliput, he witnesses petty politics and trivial disputes; in Brobdingnag, he sees humanity's vices magnified in size and absurdity; and finally, the Houyhnhnms' rational, stable society starkly contrasts with the chaotic, irrational nature of the Yahoos, which he realizes is a reflection of humanity itself. These experiences compound his critical view, emphasizing themes of corruption, vice, and the darker sides of human nature. This evolution in Gulliver's character reflects a move away from belief in human goodness towards a more critical and disenchanted outlook on civilization as a whole.